7. Out of 25 horses, pick the fastest 3 horses. In each race, only 5 horses can run at the same time. What is the minimum number of races required? (Reportedly from Bloomberg LP)
Run 5 original races with all of the horsies
Run the winners of all 5 races, pick the winner as the fastest horse
Run the 4 other original winners, as well as the 2nd place of the group with the fastest horse, pick winner as 2nd fastest
Run 4 others still in that top group and: 3rd place of the 1st place horse's original group if the 2nd place horse won, or the 2nd place of the 2nd place horse's original group if one of the 4 other groups won. Pick winner as 3rd fastest.
Your solution seems to add to eight races---I do believe you can do it in seven.
Assuming, of course, that you have no stopwatch to measure times and so you can only qualitatively see who is 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc. in a five-horse race. Also assume no ties.
(i) Organize into groups of five and run
five races, like you said. For example, in Group X, Label the winners and the groups they are from, in order, as X, Xa, Xb, Xc, Xd
(ii) For the
sixth race, run winners of the five groups, like you said. For example, in Group X, Relabel the winners and the groups they are from, in order, as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
(iii) Now, and because we only care about the fastest three horses and because we only have five groups, we can write out all the possibilities for the fastest three horses--They are:
1 1a 1b
1 1a 2
1 2 1a
1 2 2a
1 2 3
You will see that there are only five possible candidates for the 2nd and 3rd fastest horse--- 1a, 1b, 2, 2a, and 3.
(iv) Race these five together in the
seventh race. We know that the winner of this race will be 1a or 2, and we must see who the 1st and 2nd places winners of this race is to determine the second and third fastest horses (just looking at who the winner of the 7th race is not enough).